A variety of specialized equipment is used in lab scale catalysis, including reactors, analytical instruments, and computational tools. Common types of reactors include batch reactors, continuous flow reactors, and microreactors. Analytical instruments like gas chromatographs, mass spectrometers, and NMR spectrometers are used to analyze reaction products and monitor catalyst performance. Computational tools, such as molecular modeling software, help researchers simulate and predict catalytic behavior.