The lifetime of a catalyst is influenced by various factors including the nature of the catalytic material, the operating conditions, and the type of reactions being catalyzed. Thermal stability, mechanical wear, poisoning, and fouling are critical determinants. Catalysts are often subjected to high temperatures and pressures, which can accelerate deactivation. The presence of impurities or by-products can also lead to poisoning or fouling, thereby reducing the catalyst's active sites.
