Despite the advances in visualization techniques, several challenges remain: 1. Resolution Limits: Achieving atomic-scale resolution is often difficult and can be limited by the instrumentation. 2. Dynamic Processes: Capturing real-time changes during catalytic reactions requires highly specialized equipment and conditions. 3. Complexity: Reactions involving multiple steps and intermediates can be complex to visualize and understand fully. 4. Environmental Conditions: Many visualization techniques require specific environmental conditions (e.g., vacuum in TEM), which might not represent the actual catalytic process conditions.
