Several factors can induce restructuring in catalysts:
Temperature: High temperatures can cause sintering, where particles grow larger and decrease the surface area available for reactions. Pressure: Changes in pressure can affect the adsorption and desorption of reactants and products, causing surface rearrangements. Chemical Environment: The presence of different reactants, products, or intermediates can lead to various surface reconstructions. Mechanical Stress: Physical forces can alter the surface structure of catalysts, especially in heterogeneous catalysis.
