Economic loss in catalysis can be attributed to multiple factors:
Catalyst Deactivation: Over time, catalysts may lose their activity due to poisoning, fouling, sintering, or thermal degradation. This necessitates frequent replacement or regeneration, leading to increased operational costs. Inefficient Reaction Conditions: Suboptimal temperatures, pressures, or reactant concentrations can result in lower yields and higher energy consumption, both of which contribute to economic losses. Catalyst Selectivity: Low selectivity can lead to the formation of undesired by-products, which may require additional separation and purification steps, raising the overall cost of the process. Supply Chain Issues: Fluctuations in the availability and cost of raw materials, including precious metals used in catalysts, can affect the overall economics of catalytic processes.
