What are the Techniques to Measure Dimensional Changes?
Various techniques can be employed to measure dimensional changes in catalysts:
1. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): XRD can detect changes in the crystal structure of catalysts, indicating dimensional changes.
2. Electron Microscopy: Techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) provide detailed images of catalysts at the nanoscale, revealing dimensional changes.
3. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM can measure surface topography and detect minute changes in dimensions.
4. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): TGA measures weight changes in catalysts as a function of temperature, indicating possible dimensional changes.
