Support materials play a crucial role in the performance of SACs. Commonly used supports include metal oxides (like TiO₂ and Al₂O₃), carbon-based materials (such as graphene and carbon nanotubes), and zeolites. The choice of support affects the electronic properties, stability, and distribution of the single atoms. For example, graphene supports can facilitate electron transfer, enhancing the catalytic activity of the SACs.
