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What are the primary instruments used in catalysis research?

Catalysis research relies on a range of instruments to study and characterize catalysts and their performance. Some of the primary instruments include Gas Chromatographs (GC), Mass Spectrometers (MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometers, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) machines, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzers. Each of these instruments serves a specific function in analyzing catalytic properties, structures, and reaction mechanisms.

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