1. Data Acquisition: Collecting high-quality spectra from the catalytic material using appropriate spectroscopic techniques. 2. Baseline Correction: Removing background noise and baseline drift to improve the accuracy of deconvolution. 3. Peak Fitting: Applying mathematical models to fit the individual peaks in the spectrum. This often involves the use of Gaussian, Lorentzian, or Voigt profiles. 4. Quantification: Determining the area under each fitted peak to quantify the concentration of different species.