Several analytical techniques are used to measure concentration in catalytic systems. These include:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the concentration of reactants and products. Chromatography: Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) are commonly used to separate and quantify reaction components. Titration: This classical method can be used for quantitative analysis of reactants and products.
