Several methods are employed to remove heat in catalytic processes:
1. Heat Exchangers: These devices transfer heat from the reaction mixture to a cooler fluid. [Shell and tube heat exchangers]() are commonly used due to their high efficiency and reliability.
2. Coolant Circulation: Circulating a coolant through the reactor jacket or internal coils can help dissipate heat. Frequently used coolants include water, glycol, and various oils.
3. Adiabatic Reactors: In some cases, the reactor design includes adiabatic sections where the temperature rise is controlled by the intrinsic properties of the feed and catalyst.
4. Reactor Design Modifications: Implementing designs such as [multi-tubular reactors]() or fluidized bed reactors can enhance heat transfer efficiency.
