What are the Mechanistic Steps of Palladium-Catalyzed Cross Coupling?
The typical mechanism of palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions involves three main steps:
1. Oxidative Addition: The palladium(0) catalyst inserts into the carbon-halide bond of the aryl or vinyl halide, forming a palladium(II) complex. 2. Transmetalation: The organometallic reagent (e.g., boronic acid in Suzuki coupling) transfers an organic group to the palladium complex. 3. Reductive Elimination: The final step involves the coupling of the two organic groups on the palladium complex, releasing the desired product and regenerating the palladium(0) catalyst.
