What are the Mechanisms Behind Ultrasonication in Catalysis?
The primary mechanisms include:
Cavitation: The formation and collapse of bubbles generate local hotspots and high shear forces, which can break down catalyst agglomerates and increase surface area. Acoustic Streaming: The movement of fluid induced by ultrasonic waves improves the mixing and transport of reactants towards the catalyst. Surface Cleaning: Ultrasonication can clean the catalyst surface by removing any passivating layers or contaminants, thereby enhancing its activity.
