Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants, typically in a liquid form. They are known for their selectivity and ability to operate under mild conditions. Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts exist in a different phase than the reactants, usually as solids in contact with gaseous or liquid reactants. They are preferred for their stability and ease of separation from reaction products. Biocatalysts: These include enzymes and other biological molecules that catalyze reactions. They are highly selective and operate under mild conditions but can be sensitive to environmental changes.
