1. CRISPR-Cas9: This is the most widely used genome editing tool due to its simplicity and precision. It utilizes a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 enzyme to a specific DNA sequence, where it makes a cut. 2. TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases): These are engineered proteins that can be designed to bind to specific DNA sequences and induce double-strand breaks. 3. ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases): These are synthetic proteins that combine a zinc finger DNA-binding domain with a DNA-cleavage domain to introduce breaks in the DNA.
