What are the key types of advanced characterization techniques?
Advanced characterization techniques can be broadly categorized into structural, surface, and electronic characterization methods. Each category focuses on different aspects of the catalyst:
- Structural Characterization: Techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) are used to determine the crystallographic structure and morphology of catalysts. - Surface Characterization: Methods such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) help in understanding surface properties and morphology. - Electronic Characterization: Techniques like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) provide information on the electronic states and surface chemistry of catalysts.
