Several techniques are employed in the synthesis of advanced catalytic materials, including:
1. [Sol-Gel Method](): This technique involves the transition of a solution system from a liquid "sol" into a solid "gel" phase. It is widely used for the synthesis of metal oxides and mixed oxide catalysts.
2. [Hydrothermal Synthesis](): This method uses high-pressure and high-temperature aqueous solutions to grow crystals. It is particularly effective for producing zeolites and other microporous materials.
3. [Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)](): CVD is a process where gaseous reactants form a solid material on a substrate. It is commonly used for the synthesis of thin films and coatings, including catalytic layers.
4. [Electrochemical Deposition](): This technique involves the reduction of metal ions from a solution to form a solid metal on a conductive substrate. It is useful for producing catalysts with high surface areas and controlled morphologies.
