What are the Key Processes Involving Catalysts in Crude Oil Refining?
Several key processes in crude oil refining utilize catalysts:
1. Catalytic Cracking: This process breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable ones like gasoline and diesel. Catalysts such as zeolites are often used.
2. Hydrocracking: This involves breaking down heavy oils into lighter fractions using hydrogen and catalysts like platinum or palladium. It produces high-quality diesel and jet fuel.
3. Hydrotreating: This process removes impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen, and metals from crude oil fractions. Catalysts like cobalt-molybdenum are used to achieve cleaner fuels.
4. Reforming: Catalytic reforming converts low-octane hydrocarbons into high-octane gasoline components. Platinum-based catalysts are commonly employed.
