accurate instruments

What are the key instruments used in Catalysis research?

Catalysis research relies on a variety of sophisticated instruments to characterize catalysts and monitor catalytic reactions. Some of the key instruments include:
- Gas Chromatography (GC): Used for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.
- Mass Spectrometry (MS): Often coupled with GC or LC, allowing for precise identification of chemical species by measuring mass-to-charge ratios.
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Provides detailed information about the structure, dynamics, reaction state, and chemical environment of molecules.
- X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Used to determine the crystallographic structure of materials.
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provide detailed images of catalyst surfaces and internal structures.

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