What are the Common Spectroscopic Techniques Used?
Several spectroscopic techniques are commonly used in catalysis research, each providing unique insights:
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Used to identify functional groups and monitor the adsorption of reactants and intermediates on the catalyst surface. Raman Spectroscopy: Complements IR spectroscopy and is particularly useful for studying carbon-based materials and metal oxides. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Provides information about the local environment of specific nuclei in the catalyst, useful for both solid and liquid catalysts. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Used to determine the elemental composition and chemical states of the catalyst surface. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy: Useful for studying electronic transitions and monitoring changes in oxidation states.
