- Operational Hazards: Explosions, fires, and toxic releases due to the reactive nature of catalysts and reactants. - Catalyst Deactivation: Loss of catalytic activity over time due to poisoning, sintering, or fouling. - Material Compatibility: Corrosion or degradation of materials in contact with catalysts. - Process Upsets: Variability in feedstock or operating conditions leading to suboptimal performance. - Economic Risks: Fluctuations in the cost of raw materials and catalysts.
