What are the Common Catalysts Used in Heck Reactions?
The most commonly used catalysts in Heck reactions are palladium-based complexes. Some typical examples include Pd(PPh3)4, PdCl2, and Pd(OAc)2. These catalysts are often used in combination with various ligands to enhance their activity and selectivity. The choice of ligand can significantly influence the reaction's outcome, making this an area of ongoing research.
