What are the Challenges in Oxygen Reduction Catalysis?
The ORR is a complex process that involves multiple electron transfer steps and can proceed through different pathways, leading to either water or hydrogen peroxide as products. The main challenges include:
Slow kinetics: The ORR is inherently sluggish, often requiring high overpotentials to proceed at practical rates. Durability: Catalysts can degrade over time, impacting long-term performance. Cost: Efficient catalysts, such as those based on platinum, are expensive and scarce.
