Despite its advantages, microbial catalysis faces several challenges:
1. Stability: Enzymes can be unstable and lose activity over time or under harsh conditions. 2. Scalability: Scaling up microbial processes from the laboratory to industrial scale can be complex and costly. 3. Genetic Modification: Engineering microorganisms to enhance their catalytic capabilities raises ethical and safety concerns. 4. Optimization: Finding the optimal conditions for microbial growth and enzyme activity requires extensive research and experimentation.
