Despite their advantages, colloidal methods face several challenges:
Stability: Maintaining the stability of colloidal nanoparticles over time and under reaction conditions can be difficult. Scalability: Synthesizing nanoparticles on a large scale while maintaining uniformity is challenging. Environmental impact: The use of toxic solvents and reducing agents in synthesis poses environmental and safety concerns. Recycling and reuse: Recovering and reusing colloidal catalysts without losing activity requires innovative approaches.
