What Are the Challenges in Characterizing Catalyst Surfaces?
Characterizing catalyst surfaces is challenging due to their complex and dynamic nature. Techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are commonly used to study surface properties. However, these techniques often require sophisticated equipment and expertise. Moreover, in-situ characterization is necessary to understand the catalyst's behavior under actual reaction conditions.
