Despite its advantages, FCC faces several challenges:
Catalyst Deactivation: The catalysts can deactivate due to coke deposition, metal contamination, and thermal degradation. Environmental Concerns: FCC units emit pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter, necessitating rigorous environmental controls. Operational Complexity: The process requires precise control of reaction conditions, feed quality, and catalyst management to optimize performance and maintain safety.
