PSMNPs are used in a wide range of catalytic processes: - Hydrogenation: Catalysts like polymer-supported palladium nanoparticles are effective in hydrogenation reactions. - Oxidation: Polymer-supported gold nanoparticles are often used in catalytic oxidation processes. - C-C Coupling Reactions: PSMNPs facilitate important reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck coupling. - Environmental Catalysis: These catalysts are used in reactions to remove pollutants from water and air.