While iron is a popular catalyst, alternative materials are often explored to overcome the challenges associated with iron sludge. These alternatives include:
1. Transition Metals: Metals such as nickel, cobalt, and platinum offer excellent catalytic properties and may have lower tendencies to form sludge. 2. Metal Oxides: Oxides of metals like titanium, zirconium, and cerium are also used as catalysts and can provide stability against sludge formation. 3. Non-metal Catalysts: Carbon-based catalysts, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, are gaining attention due to their high surface area and resistance to corrosion.
