What are Some Common Industrial Catalytic Processes?
Several industrial processes rely heavily on catalysis. Some of the most significant ones include:
Haber-Bosch Process: Used for ammonia synthesis, which is essential for fertilizer production. It employs iron-based catalysts to facilitate the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen. Catalytic Cracking: A key process in petroleum refining where large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more valuable ones, such as gasoline, using zeolite catalysts. Methanol Synthesis: Converts synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) into methanol using copper-based catalysts. Methanol is a critical feedstock for various chemicals and fuels. Hydrogenation: Adds hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds, typically using palladium, nickel, or platinum catalysts, to produce saturated compounds like margarine and various pharmaceuticals.
