Several key industrial processes rely on catalysis:
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for converting syngas (CO and H2) into liquid hydrocarbons using iron or cobalt catalysts. Hydrotreating in petroleum refining to remove sulfur and other impurities from crude oil fractions. Polymerization processes, such as the production of polyethylene and polypropylene, using Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts. Catalytic cracking in refining to break down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable products like gasoline and diesel.
