The development of effective analogues involves several steps. Initially, researchers identify the key features of a catalyst that are responsible for its activity. These features could be the active sites, electronic properties, or structural aspects. Next, they design and synthesize compounds that mimic these features. Advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy are used to confirm the structural similarity between the analogue and the original catalyst. Finally, the catalytic activity of the analogue is tested and compared to the original catalyst to evaluate its effectiveness.
