What are In-Situ and Operando Microscopic Techniques?
In-situ and operando techniques involve studying catalysts under actual reaction conditions, providing real-time information about structural and compositional changes during catalytic processes. These methods are crucial for understanding the dynamic behavior of catalysts, including the formation and evolution of active sites.
Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM) ETEM allows the observation of catalysts in a gaseous environment, closely mimicking actual reaction conditions. This technique is essential for studying gas-solid reactions and understanding how catalysts behave under operating conditions.
In-Situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) In-situ STEM combines high-resolution imaging with the ability to perform chemical analysis in real-time. This method is valuable for observing changes in catalyst structure and composition during reactions, helping to identify the active phases and reaction intermediates.
