Several techniques are commonly used in anomaly detection for catalysis: 1. Statistical Methods: These include control charts, moving averages, and standard deviation analysis to detect variations from normal behavior. 2. Machine Learning: Algorithms like Support Vector Machines (SVM), Neural Networks, and Random Forests can learn complex patterns of normal behavior and identify deviations. 3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA): This technique reduces the dimensionality of data while highlighting significant variations that could indicate anomalies.