- Chemical Hazards: Many catalysts and reactants are toxic, flammable, or corrosive. Proper handling and storage are essential to prevent accidents. - Thermal Hazards: Catalytic reactions often involve exothermic processes, which can lead to overheating and potential thermal runaway. - Mechanical Hazards: High-pressure reactors and other equipment can pose mechanical risks if not properly maintained or operated. - Environmental Hazards: The release of harmful by-products or unreacted chemicals can impact the environment. Proper waste management and emission controls are necessary to minimize these risks.