Poisoning To prevent catalyst poisoning, it is essential to purify feedstock materials and use poison-resistant catalysts. In some cases, regeneration techniques can be employed to remove the poison from the catalyst.
Fouling Regular maintenance and cleaning protocols can help in removing materials that cause fouling. Additionally, designing catalysts with self-cleaning properties can be an effective strategy.
Sintering To mitigate sintering, catalysts can be stabilized using supports that prevent particle agglomeration. Operating at lower temperatures can also help in reducing the risk of sintering.
Deactivation Understanding the mechanism of deactivation can help in designing more robust catalysts. For example, using bimetallic catalysts can sometimes improve stability and resistance to deactivation.
