Identifying catalyst poisoning involves several analytical techniques:
- Spectroscopy: Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy can identify the nature and concentration of poisons on the catalyst surface. - Microscopy: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide visual evidence of physical changes and deposits on the catalyst. - Surface Area Analysis: Techniques like BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis can assess changes in surface area due to poisoning.
