The sensitivity of catalysts to functional groups is often studied using a combination of experimental and computational methods:
Kinetic Studies: Measuring the reaction rates in the presence of different functional groups. Spectroscopy: Techniques like NMR, IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy can provide information on the interaction between functional groups and the catalyst. Computational Chemistry: Quantum mechanical calculations can predict how different functional groups will interact with the catalyst. Catalyst Design: Rational design of catalysts based on the sensitivity to functional groups can be achieved using these insights.