LFAs typically consist of several components: a sample pad, a conjugate pad containing labeled detection reagents, a nitrocellulose membrane with immobilized capture reagents, and an absorbent pad. When a sample is applied to the sample pad, it migrates through the different components by capillary action. The target analyte binds to the labeled detection reagents in the conjugate pad, forming complexes that continue to migrate and are captured by specific antibodies or antigens immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane. The result is typically a visible line that indicates the presence or absence of the target analyte.
