There are several methods for functionalizing graphene, including: 1. Covalent Functionalization: Involves the formation of strong covalent bonds between graphene and the functional groups. This can be achieved through methods such as oxidation, reduction, and diazonium chemistry. 2. Non-Covalent Functionalization: Involves weaker interactions like π-π stacking, van der Waals forces, or hydrogen bonding. This method preserves the intrinsic properties of graphene better than covalent functionalization. 3. Hybrid Functionalization: Combines both covalent and non-covalent methods to optimize the functionalization process.
