Flexibility can be achieved through several design strategies. One approach is the use of ligand engineering in homogeneous catalysis, where the properties of the ligand can be tuned to allow for dynamic changes in the catalyst's active site. In heterogeneous catalysis, the synthesis of nanostructured materials with tunable surface properties can introduce flexibility. Additionally, incorporating elements like molecular sieves or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide structural flexibility and adaptability.
