Duplication can be achieved through various methods:
1. Molecular Duplication: This involves synthesizing multiple identical catalytic molecules. For example, in homogeneous catalysis, identical metal complexes can be synthesized and used. 2. Structural Duplication: In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalytic sites can be duplicated on a support material. Techniques such as templating, impregnation, and deposition are commonly used. 3. Procedural Duplication: Consistent procedural replication ensures that catalysts are produced under identical conditions, maintaining uniformity in catalytic performance.
