To achieve anhydrous conditions, several techniques can be employed:
Distillation: Used to remove water from solvents by boiling and condensing. Drying Agents: Substances like molecular sieves or calcium hydride are used to absorb water from reactants and solvents. Vacuum Drying: Involves removing water by subjecting the material to reduced pressure. Anhydrous Solvents: Using solvents that are specifically prepared and stored under anhydrous conditions.
