Light Absorption - Photocatalysts absorb sunlight, exciting electrons to higher energy states. Charge Separation - The excited electrons and the remaining positive holes are separated to prevent recombination. Redox Reactions - The separated charges drive reduction and oxidation reactions. For example, water can be split into hydrogen and oxygen, or carbon dioxide can be reduced to form hydrocarbons. Product Formation - The products, such as hydrogen gas or methane, are collected and stored for future use.
