In situ crystallography involves the use of advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron diffraction, and electron microscopy. These techniques allow for the collection of diffraction data while the catalyst is exposed to reactive environments, such as varying temperatures, pressures, and gas compositions. The collected data is then used to construct detailed structural models of the catalyst, revealing information about atomic positions, bond lengths, and coordination environments. Modern synchrotron and neutron sources provide high-intensity beams that enable rapid data acquisition, making it possible to study fast and complex catalytic reactions.
