GroES operates as a lid for the GroEL complex. When a misfolded or partially folded protein enters the GroEL cavity, GroES binds to GroEL, capping the cavity and creating an isolated environment. This isolation allows the protein to fold correctly without interference from external factors. The GroEL-GroES complex undergoes several cycles of binding and release, driven by ATP hydrolysis, until the protein reaches its functional conformation.
