Fouling in catalytic processes can occur through several mechanisms, including:
1. Deposition of Particulate Matter: Solid particles from feedstock or by-products can deposit on the surfaces of catalytic equipment. 2. Chemical Reactions: Unintended chemical reactions can produce by-products that adhere to equipment surfaces. 3. Biological Fouling: Microorganisms can grow and form biofilms on equipment surfaces, particularly in aqueous environments. 4. Thermal Degradation: High temperatures can lead to the formation of coke or other carbonaceous deposits on catalyst surfaces.
