The ESD process involves four main steps: 1. Preparation of the Solution: A precursor solution containing the desired catalytic material is prepared. 2. Electrospray Generation: The solution is fed through a capillary needle subjected to a high-voltage electric field, creating a fine mist of charged droplets. 3. Droplet Transport and Deposition: The droplets travel through the electric field and deposit onto the substrate, forming a thin film. 4. Post-Processing: The deposited film may undergo further treatments such as drying, annealing, or reduction to achieve the desired catalytic properties.
