Each reactor type has distinct operational principles and applications:
Batch Reactors: These reactors operate by charging reactants into a vessel, initiating the reaction, and then discharging the products after a specified time. They are suitable for small-scale production and research. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR): In a CSTR, reactants are continuously fed into the reactor while products are continuously removed. The mixing ensures uniform composition throughout, making it ideal for large-scale, steady-state production. Plug Flow Reactors (PFR): PFRs are tubular reactors where reactants flow through the reactor as a "plug" with minimal back-mixing. They are used for reactions requiring high conversion and are efficient for large-scale processes. Fixed-Bed Reactors: These reactors contain a stationary catalyst bed through which reactants flow. They are widely used in industrial applications for gas-phase reactions. Fluidized-Bed Reactors: Here, the catalyst particles are suspended by the upward flow of reactants, providing excellent heat and mass transfer. They are ideal for reactions with solid catalysts and large-scale production.
