Biofuels are derived from biomass and are considered a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Catalysis is vital in the transesterification process to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats. Catalysts, typically acids or bases, accelerate the reaction, increasing yield and reducing production time. Additionally, advancements in heterogeneous catalysis have led to more efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into usable biofuels.
